How Romanticism Has Diminish Throughout Popularity

My part starts by talking about how romanticism had diminish in popularity. The book talks about how drama was in a period of conflict, in which serious romantics wanted Art to target a sensitive audience making it more limited. In contrast, extremist wanted to created closet drama which means that they wanted plays to be read instead of been acted. By 1840s romanticism was no longer a movement and even though it had effectively ended with neoclassicism it did not changed theatre completely. Romanticism established the idea of an artist as someone who was exceptional, sentimental, with great abilities, and inspired. It also established Art as something important just like a religion. In my opinion, we still share those ideas especially†¦show more content†¦I think that his ideas were fascinating because he tried to go away from the standard idea of assigning places according to the person’s importance in society but rather made the actors the main focus for everyone. I think of this as a way to make the audience all the same making the actors the only celebrities in the room. Also the idea that everyone had the same opportunity to the same view went away By the nineteenth century melodramas and sentimental comedies were popular in commercial theater. However, reformers saw these plays as a waste of resources because they wanted plays to portray stories that could be considered more seriously by the audience. The need for more â€Å"seriousness† in plays eventually lead to the creation of realism. As mentioned by Boime, realism was â€Å"committed to reproducing aspects of the unstable world of sensory perception† (77). The idea of realism was to create plays that portrayed everyday life and events. As time changed and more problems in society emerge, such as industrialization and inequality, plays also transformed. For instance, radical realists wanted plays to portray this events as a way to not only represent current situations but also as a way to promote a change for these situations. In other words, the main idea of realism was to question and challenge the current state of society. We have to think that during this period of time science was evolving and society was more open to acknowledge it. TheShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Consciousness Of The People Of London At The Time Essay2581 Words   |  11 PagesTracking the culture of a society has always proven to be a challenge. Historians and archeologists may study artifacts, books, poetry, among other cultural legacies in an attempt to understand the beliefs and lives of previous generations. However, this has a certain level of inaccuracy towards the beliefs of the average person in that society. To speak to that point, I wish to introduce Gilbert and Sullivan. Gilbert and Sullivan were a pair of opera writers operating in England between 1871 and

Essay about Sigmund Freuds The Interpretation of Dreams

Sigmund Freuds The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams was originally published in 1900. The era was one of prudish Victorians. It was also the age of the continued Enlightenment. The New Formula of science, along with the legacy of Comte’s Positivism, had a firm hold on the burgeoning discipline of psychology. Freud was groomed as both scientist and Romantic, but his life’s work reflected conflict of the two backgrounds and a reaction against each one. It is my opinion that The Interpretation of Dreams was not simply written as a methodology of deconstructing dreams and assigning them meaning, but its latent content (as it were) was a critique of science’s New Formula, and was designed to†¦show more content†¦The implications of this novel understanding spilled over into the budding field of humanistic psychology, as well as into many new theoretical writings spanning areas from social sciences to fine arts. Freud’s work made interesting contributi ons to general psychology because, in offering the idea that dreams have meaning that could be comprehended and interpreted, he was taking the side of the ignorant and the superstitious against the positivist philosophy of early science psychology. Thus, the text can be read not only in the context of social and intellectual traditions impinging on fin-de-siecle culture, but more generally in relation to a broader framework of changing western conceptions of the nature and importance of dreams. Freud’s writings on dreams provide an ideal psychology of modern life, and this is especially clear if his work is viewed in the context of the major transformations in the understanding of dreams that have characterized different periods of development within psychology. For Freud, the possibility of dream interpretation is contingent on the premise that their puzzling and seemingly nonsensical elements actually contain a series of clues from which their originating ideas can be deduc ed. Dreams are, in some sense, designated to conceal events/emotions that would be too painful for a person to recall, but nonetheless do so in such a way as to still communicate those very events or emotions in aShow MoreRelatedEssay on What is useful in Freuds theory of dreams?1686 Words   |  7 Pages « The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind  ».1 While Freud already used hypnosis and free association with his patients, he soon felt the need to include the interpretation of dreams in psychoanalysis as well. Freud decided he would developped his theory of dreams to go further in his analysis. According to Freud, dreams allow unconscious desires, fears or emotions to express themselves in a disguised way. Dreams are an expression ofRead MoreDreams, By Sigmund Freud1165 Words   |  5 Pagesperson’s dreams appear to have a universal language. In ancient societies, people looked at dreaming as some kind of supernatural communication and dreams are fascinating mysteries. To begin the discussion of dreams, it is important to note that dreams are often considered an extension of consciousness. In other words, dreams can be a way the brain organizes and analyzes the day to day events during sleep. Everyone dreams, however, not everyone remembers their dreams. The psychoanalyst, Sigmund FreudRead MoreSigmund Freuds Method and Theory of Dream Analysis Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pagespaper to get a better understanding of Sigmund Freud’s method and theory of dream analysis. The purpose of the paper will be to show the principals of Freud’s dream related theory that focuses on the physiology, interpretation, and psychology of dreams and to explain concepts such as latent and manifest content of dreams, the part of unconscious process, and the nature of dreams role in the determination of dream content. I would like to explore Sigmund Freud’s explanations of psycho-ana lytic and psychologicalRead MoreDreams, By Sigmund Freud1086 Words   |  5 PagesDreams appear to have a universal language. In ancient societies, dreaming was viewed as some kind of supernatural communication. Dreams are fascinating mysteries. To begin the discussion of dreams it is important to make the statement that dreams can be considered an extension of consciousness. In other words, dreams can be a way the brain organizes and analyzes the day to day events during sleep. Every one dreams however, not everyone remembers their dreams. Freud believed that our dreams areRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Critical Analysis1479 Words   |  6 Pagessees them not only while he is awake, but also in his slumber. Bromden alerts the reader of a dream that he had, in which a death of a patient occurs, the dream becomes a reality later on when the same patient is found dead. The hallucinations and dreams can help to better understand Chief Bromden’s character from lookin g at Sigmund Freud’s â€Å"Interpretation of Dreams†. By looking at the content of one’s dreams it can be a good indication of an individual s mental stability. Bromden’s thoughts and motivationsRead MoreCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud1412 Words   |  6 PagesCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousnessRead More Sigmund Freuds Influence upon Salvador Dali Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicine were evolving, and one man in particular sought to expand knowledge and understanding. Sigmund Freud, the most renowned, thought provoking psychologist to have ever lived, opened an exciting chapter in the study of the mind. Without a doubt, Freud had influenced, and inspired artists searching for something new. The world of psychology and art were interweaving and promising a bold new path. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) studied medicine, science, and philosophy as an introduction to the studyRead MoreSigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01:1611 Words   |  7 Pages Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how heRead MoreSigmund Freud s The Interpretation Of Dreams Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagespsychoanalysis’, Sigmund Freud, is perhaps known for his theories involving the human brain. During the late 1800s, his therapeutic techniques dealing with psychopathology made him quite influential within and throughout the sphere of psychology and his work has had a tremendous impact on modern culture and common opinion. Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams, first published in 1899, takes into account dream interpretation and theories involving the human brain, why humans dream and what they couldRead Mo re Interpretation of Dreams: Freud Vs. Jung Essay759 Words   |  4 PagesInterpretation of Dreams: Freud Vs. Jung Works Cited Not Included Many philosophers, psychiatrists, and doctors have tried to explain the role of the unconscious, mostly through interpreting dreams; two who lead the way in the field of dream interpretation were Sigmund Freud and his most famous pupil, Carl Jung. By reviewing these mens views we can come to a better understanding of the role of the unconscious. Both Freud and Jung believe in the existence of a conscious and unconscious mind

Interpersonal Skills and Communication

Question: Discuss about the Interpersonal Skills and Communication. Answer: Introduction: The act of communication is an inevitable and integral part of any society. It is a major phenomenon of the concerned social makeup (Greene 2013). The cognitive framework of the human mind reiterates the importance of communication in every aspect. Based on this hypothesis, the argument revises the weight of interpersonal skills involved while listening, questioning and providing feedback. The chosen scenario and field of application is in a classroom where the process of communication plays a significant role. The discussion summarizes the relevant premises that can be drawn concerned with the interaction procedure. All the three components of questioning, feedback and listening are evaluated in regards to the required interpersonal skills. The essay elucidates the chosen field of education and effectively reviews the prospects of communication in this discipline. This not only discovers the nature of interaction between students and tutors but also facilitates their harmonious enga gement, by virtue of social interface process. Howard Giles highlights on the assertiveness of accommodation which takes place when two communicators interact by employing anyone of the modes of communication (Gallois and Giles 2015).The two factors that have been proposed through this theory are convergence and divergence. The dynamics of speech act theory can be effectively relegated to this dynamics of interpersonal skills that is beneficent in nature. The subject matter involves the perceptions, image and other psychological tools that can be employed for the identifying and improving on the skills (Weekley and Ployhart 2013). Communication Accommodation Theory particularly reflects this idea which applies on the conventions of human engagement techniques (Wood 2105). The American Psychological Association reasserts the foundations of cognitive since and regards active listening as one of the derivatives of the social and psychosomatic experiments that are being carried out (Cahill 2014). Listening initiates the secondary processes of communication. Carl Rogerss emphasize on active listening as a model of perceptions facilitates listening as a core criteria for comprehending the needs of the rest of the premises (Floyd 2014). In order to execute a nice conversation careful and coordinated listening is required. Listening acts as the mediator and reaches out quite effectively. The approach of validating the thoughts and opinions of the speaker are the main ingredient of listening. It is a demonstration of skills those when practiced aids in better understanding, and often preserves patience in the communicator (Jensen 2013). The message which are been conveyed must be heard so that it can be followed by a relevant response. It challenges the endura nce of the listener and nurtures the empathetic nature of an individual. It is equally necessary to hear out, so that there are no chances for miscommunications. Listening is the essential agent of communication in a discipline where the professor and the pupil are involved ( Wilkins et al. 2015). Organizations can attain efficient functionality only when the team has cooperation and collaboration, the practice of active listening can not be acquired in a day. The students should incorporate the habit of listening in their course work as Imparting education and gaining knowledge are the two main aspects in this field which can be further improvised on the ethics of proper listening (Beebe, Beebe and Edmund 2014). On behalf of the arguments developed it can be declared that listening is a potent factor which analyses the course of action between the scholar and the teacher. The feedback premise involves the response pattern in the circle of communication. Communication mechanism adheres to the characteristics of feedback or the response which is developed following the whole course of communication. Feedback has been a vastly underestimated sector in the concept of interpersonal communication (Sommer and Kulkarni 2012). One of the significant skills that one can hone to enhance their attitude and interpersonal behavior is through the right retort at the right place. Any communications have various objectives to meet and one among it is the relevant reaction that is applicable in a scenario of a university, school campus. Feedback composes of the nature of the future interactions between the said communicators. Additionally, it paves the way for the individuals to foster a trusting and cooperative climate in the organization which will evantuaally eradicate the communication gaps left behind due to lack of feedback practice (Baker et al. 2013). There is an inescapable need to develop a feedback-friendly culture in the society to encourage and enhance the meaningfulness of feedback in the public (Sommer and Kulkarni 2012). Feedback from the scholars as well as the students both defines the best communication strategies in an environment which operates on mutual understanding. The accurate way and mannerisms to react to the concerned queries or the topic of discussion composes of the skills required for interpersonal improvement (Jensen 2013).In a discipline that deals with cognitive procedures and thought process, it takes feedback as the real context of the communication. Questioning can be regarded as one of the most crucial process of maintaining the communication cycle (Pezzulo et al. 2013). With a reference that dates back to the age of Renaissance, identifying and raising query upholds the whole scenario. Interpersonal skills of questioning evaluate and assess the outline of the communication (Marx 2015). Skills that aid in resolving issues also inspect more into the concerned matter. The data and analysis that formulates the theories answers the conventional queries. The structure of the communication follows the questioning pattern (Madianou and Miller 2013). The message that is transferred between the sender and the receiver are explored with this premise of questioning. The scope of the topic is inherent and develops new information based on the discussion of the two communicators. The psychoanalysis phenomenon based on the cognition and contradictory ideologies gives rise to questions (Weekley and Playhart 2013). It enhances the thinking and comprehending ability of the two conversant. This hypothesis examines the pertinence of elements those are being discussed through the scope of communication. Question and answer are literally one of the fundamental scopes in a school or academic setup. Naturally the scholar is the recipient of the hypothesis and inferences drawn from the experience and experiments (Madianou and Miller 2013). Questioning skills improve their ability to appreciate and accordingly they subjugate the tendencies of low self esteem and confidence. The elaborate discussions needs approval from the tutors, therefore examination is the organ of questioning in this case. In the same manner, the scholars can widen their scope knowledge and intelligent quotients. Therefore, this analysis establishes a concise argument of the interpersonal skills of questioning through it. The theoretical compositions of the identities of social behavior are complex and multi disciplinary which can be reflected further with the codes of interpersonal skills. Through the involvement of Speech Act Theory and Communication Accommodation Theory, the concepts of communication have been explored. Research and studies have revealed how the interactions and dynamics between the scholar and the professors are maintained. In fact there are various medium of communication but language is considered as one of the vital source for conducting the course of interaction that finds employment through the raised arguments. Listening integrates the communication factors and elements between the students and the tutors. Mainly empathetic and active listening helps in coordinating and reviewing the magnitude of the topic. The declaration of feedback skills in supporting the interpersonal communication is subjective, but is considered as one of the important elements of the interaction meth ods. It helps in retaining the decorum of the discipline. It summarizes and revolves the issue of feedback which is an obligation as response activity is quite natural while presenting any matter. Feedback sponsors and regulates the medium of interpersonal skills effectively. Questioning extends and finally summarizes down the whole process. The critical assessment for the communication can be invested further through the questioning techniques. The information that can be inspected for further analysis takes place through the last premise of interpersonal skills. The arguments criticized by the virtue of the skills demanded by the essay have been discussed focusing on the qualities of listening, questioning and feedback. Reference list: Baker, A., Perreault, D., Reid, A. and Blanchard, C. M., 2013. Feedback and organizations: Feedback is good, feedback-friendly culture is better.Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne,54(4), 260. Beebe, S.A., Beebe, S.J. and Redmond, M.V., 2014. Interpersonal Communication: relating to others, 7thedn, Allyn and Bacon, Boston Cahill, J.L., 2014. University Professors Perceptions About the Impact of Integrating Google Applications on Students Communication and Collaboration Skills.Journal of Research Initiatives,1(2), p.7. DeJanasz, S.Z., Crossman, J., Campbell, N. and Power, M., 2014. Interpersonal skills in organizations, 2ndedn, Mc-Graw-Hill Education, North Ryde, NSW Derlaga, V.J. and Berg, J.H. eds., 2013.Self-disclosure: Theory, research, and therapy. Springer Science Business Media. Floyd, K., 2014. Empathic listening as an expression of interpersonal affection.International Journal of Listening,28(1), pp.1-12. Gallois, C. and Giles, H., 2015. Communication accommodation theory.The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction. Greene, J.O., 2013.Message production: Advances in communication theory. Routledge. Jensen, K.B. ed., 2013.A handbook of media and communication research: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Routledge. Madianou, M. and Miller, D., 2013. Polymedia: Towards a new theory of digital media in interpersonal communication.International Journal of Cultural Studies,16(2), pp.169-187. Marx, P.K., 2015. COMX 115S. 03C: Introduction to Interpersonal Communication. Pezzulo, G., Donnarumma, F. and Dindo, H., 2013. Human sensorimotor communication: A theory of signaling in online social interactions.PLoS One,8(11), p.e79876 Sommer, K. L. and Kulkarni, M., 2012. Does constructive performance feedback improve citizenship intentions and job satisfaction? The roles of perceived opportunities for advancement, respect, and mood.Human Resource Development Quarterly,23(2), 177-201. Weekley, J.A. and Ployhart, R.E. eds., 2013.Situational judgment tests: Theory, measurement, and application. Psychology Press.

What Is A Grabber In An Essay Essay Example

What Is A Grabber In An Essay? Paper In fact, the very first sentence of your essay can be viewed as the first chance when you can capture the attention of your target readership. As a rule, everybody refers this sentence as the grabber, and it is important for you to understand all the peculiarities of implying attention grabbers into your essay. Beginning your paper, you should think of what makes the topic you dwell upon peculiar and interesting. The writer should always care about his or her target audience. That is how you are supposed to prepare while writing your perfect essay on the different topic. Be sincere and personal to make your readers not only get interested in what you write about but also believe you and even share your ideas and viewpoint. It is an axiom that no matter how captivating the topic of your writing is, it won’t become successful without a strong grabber. What is a grabber in an essay? Do you have any association with the word â€Å"grabber†? In literature, such phenomenon exists as well. You came across such case when the first sentence or paragraph is very attractive, and you cannot stop reading. Such situation is an illustration of the grabber; it is the passage of information that keeps you tense and invokes to read the whole piece. Nowadays, such technique is very effective and guarantees you a lot of readers. How to grab the readers? Check the winning methods that will attract the target audience We will write a custom essay sample on What Is A Grabber In An Essay? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is A Grabber In An Essay? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is A Grabber In An Essay? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Generally speaking, there exist five most commonly used options for you to grab the reader’s attention successfully regardless the topic of the piece. Below you can find out the one which will be suitable for your paper. A definition If you are writing about something concrete, there is no other way for you to grab your reader’s attention than to provide the brief definition of the discussed concept at the very beginning of the text. For example, if you are writing about some historical or cultural event of whatever country, it is a good option to define this event and its importance in the first sentence of your essay. In situation you manage to intrigue your readers, their attention will grow with every next sentence and every next fact or piece of information you mention. A quotation or paraphrase The successfully implied quotation may also work quite well to engage your reader into the topic you dwell upon. However, in fact, do not be sure that the more famous a person whom you quote is, the better chances are for you to establish the positive impression in the eyes of your audience. It does not necessarily mean that you have to quote only the most prominent people on the planet. Even though somebody took their words from the context do not reveal the complexity of your problem. You may feel free to use whatever quotations unless they contradict your thoughts present in your work. A funny anecdote (it is still better first to check its effect on your friends or family) What is a grabber in an essay? A short funny anecdote can become a helping hand for the writer if you make it suitable and use properly. It will work in the process of making a positive impression of your paper. However, it is crucial to remember that you should not include long anecdotes to make your target reader tired. You can also make them unwilling to read the rest of the paper. The important thing is that, without any doubts, you are not supposed to tell your readers how they should feel about your joke. Unfortunately, sometimes this golden rule is violated and, in such case, the writer twists the knife. A striking or just not that widespread fact about the topic you have chosen for the essay That can be some surprising piece of information or either the fact that has amazed you. Thus, you would like to share it with your target audience. You can take it from statistics, scholarly references or elsewhere but you should be sure that it is a truthful fact because, otherwise, the reputation of your essay will become out on a limb. What is more, make sure that this fact works on your thesis statement and does not contradict with the rest of your paper as well. Do not make jokes about the racial or political issues under any circumstances. It is a type of forbidden thing even if you are writing for your friends or colleagues only. Staying deeply polite and tolerant towards other cultures and nations is just a must unless you want to spoil your reputation! Do you have any ideas what is a grabber in an essay? A rhetorical question related to your subject A wise and up-to-the-topic rhetorical question immediately grabs the reader’s attention because, in such way, he or she will subconsciously want to read more about the topic of discussion to reveal some new piece of information. Still, it has to be both interesting and quite relevant to what you speak about. Do not try to use some vividly abstract concepts to hook your audience. Forget about the bogus sense and false depth of narration. Instead of this, you would better spend some time considering how you wish to make your target readers intrigued. You can easily implement it in practice by the rhetoric question of your choice. Hence, these were five major effective types of attention-grabbing techniques you can choose for captivating your readership’s attention. They will help you feel more confident when preparing for the writing process. Also, they will give you evident benefits of improving your writing skills. All in all, no matter which type you will go for, make sure that your final essay has a strong and easily distinguished grabber. Don’t be afraid of those obstacles you may encounter on your way. When writing a perfect essay always try to stay positive and your audience will appreciate it! Do you still hesitate what is a grabber in an essay?

Newspaper Headline Comparison an Example by

Newspaper Headline Comparison by Expert Prof Nelly | 07 Dec 2016 There are two articles retrieved via internet about Iran's rocket launching and a space center opening. One of the articles was retrieved from an international source, and the other one is from a source based in the United States. The article from the international source is clear, short, and simple, while the source from the U.S. is elaborative. While this will make the reader more informed, it might confuse or mislead him as well. Need essay sample on "Newspaper Headline Comparison" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The article entitled Iran Unveils Space Center, Launches Rocket is from MSNBC, a U.S.-based online newspaper. The title seems quite confusing for the readers. The words appear unorganized. The subtitle (Many fear program may be cover to more fully develop military missiles) also implies a negative notion about the topic. Plus, the content is too detailed and hard to understand. On the other hand, the article entitled Iran Inaugurate Space Project is from BBC, an international online newspaper. The title is more precise in such a way that the reader can easily get the message of the article at first glance. Also, the subtitle (Iran has launched a research rocket to inaugurate a newly built space centre) briefly states what the event is about. In addition, other short but complete supporting details are provided in the body of the article. Having a catchy headline is important as it stimulates the interest of readers to take time and read the article. In the case of the first article, the title used is quite misleading but this can also serve as a technique that can keep the reader glued to the article. Most of the subtopics also provided the readers substantial information. Although this can be a good strategy, it may bore the reader. On the other hand, the title of the second article is concise and straight to the point. While it is not mind boggling, this can be a good strategy. This is because nowadays, readers dont have much time to waste. They need the facts spelled out for them. References Dareini, A. A. (2008, February 4). Iran unveils space center, launches rocket. MSNBC. Retrieved February 5, 2008 from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22995937 Iranians inaugurate space project. (2008, February 4). BBC News. Retrieved February 5, 2008 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7225699.stm

ITIN para pagar impuestos y desgravar sin Seguro Social

ITIN para pagar impuestos y desgravar sin Seguro Social En Estados Unidos, el  ITIN es un nà ºmero de identificacià ³n fiscal. Es utilizado por extranjeros que no son elegibles para obtener un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social  (SSN, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). ITIN significa Nà ºmero de Identificacià ³n de Contribuyente Individual, por su nombre en inglà ©s, y se utiliza con dos fines distintos. En primer lugar, para pagar impuestos por los ingresos obtenidos en Estados Unidos. Las leyes federales establecen la obligacià ³n de pagar impuestos para  toda persona que recibe ingresos en el paà ­s sin que importe su estatus migratorio.     En segundo lugar, el ITIN sirve para identificar a cà ³nyuges e hijos dependientes que no tienen SSN para que las personas que pagan impuestos puedan desgravar por esos familiares. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre los puntos bsicos del ITIN, quià ©nes pueden solicitar ese nà ºmero, cà ³mo se hace, cà ³mo se renueva y para quà © puede ser utilizado y para quà © no.  ¿Quià ©nes pueden solicitarel ITIN? Pueden solicitar el ITIN personas en distintas situaciones. Por ejemplo, los extranjeros que residen habitualmente fuera de Estados Unidos pero que estn obligados presentar sus planillas de impuestos federales. Por ejemplo, inversionistas o empresarios de otros paà ­ses que tienen dinero invertido o un negocio en EE.UU. Otro grupo que puede solicitar el ITIN es el de extranjeros no residentes en Estados Unidos que pueden solicitar un beneficio fiscal al amparo de un tratado internacional. Asimismo, otro grupo que debe solicitar el ITIN es el los estudiantes internacionales que viven en Estados Unidos por un tiempo suficiente para ser considerados como residentes a efectos fiscales. Es muy importante entender que esto no los convierte en residentes a efectos de inmigracià ³n, es decir, no por eso pueden obtener una tarjeta de residencia permanente. Sin embargo, si el IRS considera a un extranjero como residente a efectos de pagar impuestos, pues debe hacerlo. Otro grupo de personas para los que es conveniente tener un ITIN es el conformado por cà ³nyuges e  hijos dependientes de ciudadanos americanos o residentes permanentes legales que no pueden sacar la tarjeta del seguro social. Un ejemplo de esta situacià ³n es el caso de esposos u otros dependientes que viven habitualmente fuera de Estados Unidos. Es conveniente que esas personas tengan un ITIN cada uno porque de esta manera los ciudadanos y los residentes permanentes  pueden desgravar por ellos como dependientes cuando presentan la planilla la planilla de los impuestos. Asimismo, pueden solicitar el ITIN el cà ³nyuge y los hijos dependientes de las personas con una visa temporal. Un caso muy tà ­pico es el de la visa H-1B para profesionales y modelos que permite a cierto grupo de extranjeros trabajar en EEUU y estar acompaà ±ados en el paà ­s por su familia inmediata, pero estos no pueden trabajar ni obtener un SSN.  El camino para obtener posibles beneficios fiscales desgravando por dependientes a la hora de declarar ingresos es identificando con un ITIN a dichos dependientes. El ITIN es muy frecuentemente solicitado por los migrantes indocumentados. La razà ³n es que por ley estn obligados a pagar impuestos por sus ingresos en Estados Unidos, aunque no tienen permiso para trabajar legalmente.   Algunos migrantes sienten miedo porque temen que el ITIN puede ser utilizado por las autoridades migratorias para localizarlos pero esto no es asà ­. Segà ºn la Seccià ³n 6103 del Cà ³digo del IRS, las autoridades fiscales no estn autorizadas a proveer informacià ³n sobre quià ©n paga impuestos a ninguna otra agencia del gobierno.   Hay dos excepciones a esa regla. En primer lugar, cuando el Departamento de Tesoro investiga un posible fraude fiscal y, en segundo lugar, cuando existe una orden judicial para que el IRS revele esos datos porque se est realizando una investigacià ³n. Finalmente, tambià ©n pueden solicitar el ITIN personas en estatus migratorio legal pero que no pueden solicitar, por el momento, un SSN como, por ejemplo, algunas và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica. Informacià ³n bsica del ITIN El ITIN se creo en 1996 y es un nà ºmero compuesto por nueve dà ­gitos. Siempre comienza por el nà ºmero 9 y en el cuarto lugar aparece el nà ºmero 7 o el 8. En la actualidad, el ITIN tiene una validez de cinco aà ±os. Segà ºn datos del IRS, cada aà ±o fiscal ms de cuatro millones de personas utilizan el ITIN para presentar su planilla de impuestos, conocida en EE.UU. como tax returns pagando casi 14 mil millones de dà ³lares. Segà ºn datos del centro de estudios Taxation and Economic Policy, ubicado en Washington D.C. aproximadamente el 50 por ciento de los indocumentados en EE.UU. paga tax returns utilizando un ITIN.  ¿Cà ³mo se solicita el ITIN por primera vez? El ITIN se puede solicitar  por correo enviando la solicitud utilizando la planilla W7. Adems, debe incluirse la planilla de impuestos y  documentos originales o certificados por la autoridad que los emite y  que prueben su identidad y su condicià ³n de extranjero.  Si se envà ­an documentos originales, estos sern devueltos en 60 dà ­as desde que se recibià ³ la solicitud. La direccià ³n a la que enviar la solicitud  desde EE.UU. o desde otro paà ­s e: Internal Revenue ServiceAustin Service CenterITIN OperationP.O. Box 149342Austin, TX 78714-9342 Pero una forma ms fcil y conveniente de solicitar el ITIN cerrando una cita con  un agente autorizado  algunos de los cuales estn ubicados fuera de los Estados Unidos (Acceptance Agent) o visitando un  Centro de Asistencia al Contribuyente  (TACs, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), donde una persona especializada podr ayudar  en este proceso y  verificar la autenticidad de los documentos.   Si necesita ayuda especà ­fica para su caso para solicitar el ITIN, adems de poder acudir a los TACs  se puede marcar al 1-800-829-1040. Documentos admisibles para acompaà ±ar la solicitud del ITIN Para solicitar el ITIN debe probarse la identidad del solicitante y su carcter de extranjero. Se admiten 13 documentos entre los que se encuentran: pasaporte, cà ©dula de identificacià ³n, licencia de manejar de EEUU o del paà ­s de origen, partida oficial de nacimiento para menores de 18 aà ±os, ID card de un estado estadounidense, visa, tarjeta militar americana o extranjera o la tarjeta de votante extranjero. Para que cualquiera de estos documentos sea admisible es necesario  presentar el original o copia certificada por la entidad que los emite. Otra opcià ³n es verificarlos en un TACs o con un Acceptance Agent. Adems, no pueden estar expirados  y que en ellos debe aparecer  claramente el nombre del solicitante,  una foto del mismo y deben servir como prueba de su carcter de extranjero. Cunto tiempo se demoraen procesarse el ITIN En general, se recibir el nà ºmero de identificacià ³n fiscal dentro de las seis semanas siguientes a haber formulado la peticià ³n, siempre y cuando la aplicacià ³n està © completa y no falte ningà ºn documento. Si no se recibe contestacià ³n en ese plazo de tiempo se puede llamar gratuitamente al telà ©fono seà ±alado anteriormente para averiguar sobre el estado del trmite. Expiracià ³n del ITIN y su renovacià ³n En la actualidad, todos los ITIN son vlidos solamente por cinco aà ±os. Se renuevan de la misma forma que se solicitan por primera vez. La à ºnica diferencia es que al renovar no hay que presentar un tax return. Adems, cabe destacar que si el ITIN pierde validez automticamente si no se utiliza por tres aà ±os consecutivos.   Si se presenta un tax returns con el ITIN caducado, la declaracià ³n de impuestos se va a tramitar pero no se tendrn en cuenta exenciones o crà ©ditos solicitados ni tampoco se devolver dinero al contribuyente al que le corresponderà ­a mientras no se presente un ITIN vlido.    ¿Para quà © puede utilizarse el ITIN y para quà © no? A pesar de ser un nà ºmero  emitido oficialmente por una agencia del Departamento del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos, el ITIN no puede utilizarse como identificacià ³n ni, en ningà ºn caso, como un sustituto del nà ºmero social.  Ã‚   Nunca jams el ITIN prueba de que se est autorizado para trabajar. No es uno de los documentos admitidos en la planilla I-9  que se completan al comenzar a trabajar en una empresa. Adems, si la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a utiliza el sistema e-verify, serà ­a evidente que no se tiene permiso para trabajar. El pago de impuestos con un ITIN no da derecho a solicitar el crà ©dito fiscal que se conoce como Earned Income Tax Credit  (EITC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), y que es el ms solicitado por las familias trabajadores de bajos ingresos. Tampoco se puede obtener beneficios del sistema del seguro social ni de Medicare, a pesar de haber contribuido con los impuestos a esos fondos. El ITIN se utiliza para pagar impuestos, porque es una obligacià ³n que establece la ley. Tambià ©n se usa porque brinda algunos beneficios. Por ejemplo, las personas que pagan impuestos con un ITIN pueden solicitar un Child Tax Credit por sus hijos dependientes, con un mximo de $2.000 por menor. Sin embargo en la actualidad se requiere que dichos dependientes tengan un nà ºmero del seguro social propio. Adems, cuando un migrante cambia de estatus migratorio, el pago de impuestos con ITIN podrà ­a servir para probar aà ±os de residencia en el paà ­s. Asimismo, podrà ­a dar derecho a contabilizar los pagos ya hechos a Medicare y al sistema del seguro social una vez que ya tiene un nà ºmero social.  Este punto, debido a su carcter delicado, es aconsejable consultarlo con un abogado. Tambià ©n da derecho el ITIN a poder abrir una cuenta de banco que genera interà ©s. Finalmente, algunos estados listan el ITIN como uno de los documentos que puede presentarse para probar identidad a la hora de solicitar una licencia de manejar o un I.D. de identificacià ³n. Puntos Bsicos: El ITIN y su utilizacià ³n El ITIN es un nà ºmero de identificacià ³n fiscal que emite el IRS, una agencia del Departamento del Tesoro de Estados Unidos.Pueden solicitarlo las personas que no tienen derecho a un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social pero tienen que pagar impuestos en EE.UU. o pueden ser personas dependientes de otras por las que se desgrava, y es que el fin del ITIN es pagar impuestos y para desgravar, aunque algunas desgravaciones no aplican con el ITIN.No es una identificacià ³n, no da permiso para trabajar legalmente en EE.UU ni tampoco sirve para probar o ganar estatus migratorio alguno.En la actualidad, el ITIN es vlido por cinco aà ±os, despuà ©s debe renovarse. Adems, caduca si no se utiliza por tres aà ±os consecutivos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Quantity Surveyors Role in Construction Dispute Resolution Assignment

Quantity Surveyors Role in Construction Dispute Resolution - Assignment Example The system being young is in a phase of evolution, hence some of them are the there are several techniques that are devised for the execution of the approach. This paper will cover the most relevant and applied ones with respect to the construction industry of UK. In addition, I strongly believe that we discuss techniques which are being discussed and administered under Arbitration Act 1996. The techniques that are discussed in this paper would be as following, 1. Negotiation, 2. Arbitration, 3. Mini-trial , 4. Dispute Review Boards/ Dispute resolution boards, 5. Mediation 1. Negotiation One of the foremost and basic techniques is negotiation. This technique is discussed first due to the fact that it occurs first in the process of dispute resolution. In this the parties in dispute resolve the issue themselves and no third party is involved in the process. The process of conducting this technique is simple and basic, where the two parties meet, preferable face to face, discuss upon th e issues, finally coming to a mutually agreeable point. If this point is reached than normally the process end with an issues of a letter of agreement or memorandum of understanding, which will act as partial bidding for future line of action for both parties. The advantages of this technique are that it cheapest and quickest for the parties. Then this technique helps in retention of the commercial relationship between the parties. Most importantly there is least preach of confidentiality under this technique, as no or very little information is transmitted to other external sources and the engaged parties have the full control. Whereas the disadvantage of this technique is that it is not applicable incase the difference claims from the parties is too much and if either party is not interested to continue the work or maintain commercial relation. The role of the quantity surveyor is the most crucial one in this technique, due to the fact that whenever there is a dispute, both partie s have to evaluate and quantify there loss/gain which will act as a decision support system. As mentioned earlier in the start of a dispute it is all about the number game and there is very less input required from the side of the lawyers at this stage, so the project manager or management in general are very dependent on Quantity Surveyors for advice and evaluation of the cost and benefit analysis. Lastly when the two parties meet for negotiation, only the quantity surveyor has the precise knowledge about cost, associated resources and issues related to certain activities of the project. Hence the role of QS is most relevant in this technique as there is very less involvement of law and very high level of involvement of numbers and activity monitoring. I believe the process can be improved if this process start from the lower levels of management and then go up. As it is suggested that the lower management must first meet and try to resolve the disputes. 2. Arbitration Arbitration is one of the two oldest techniques to dispute resolution, hence several newly devised are somewhat rooted out of this technique. The arbitration is initiated if the initial negotiations fail, and several of the times it is invoked by the clauses of the contract that was written between the parties. If there is no provision of Arbitration in the contract then a voluntary agreement is made between the partie

Evaluation of Starbucks Strategic Position In the Market Essay

Evaluation of Starbucks Strategic Position In the Market - Essay Example ?s customers are mainly coffee lovers from all walks of life and it can be noted that it has been pursuing a differentiation strategy by Porter (1985). Starbucks’ cornerstone value is to â€Å"build a company with a soul† and its broad mission is â€Å"To inspire and nurture the human spirit—one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time.† The organisation broadly aims to be â€Å"a purveyor of fine coffees in the world while maintaining uncompromising principles.† Its intent has been to do the right thing and conducting its business in ways that earned the trust and respect of the customers, partners/employees, suppliers and the general public. The stakeholders include Howard Schultz, employees, customers, community members and the shareholders. 2.0 External analysis of Starbucks This section of the report seeks to analyse the external factors affecting the operations of the organisation. Two models namely PESTEL analysis and Porter’s five forces model are going to be utilised in carrying an analysis of the external factors impacting on the operations of Starbucks. Critical success factors will also be analysed in this section of the report. 2.1 PESTEL analysis A close analysis of Starbuck’s case study shows that there are various external forces obtaining in the macro-environment in which the organisation is operating and these have an impact on its operations. As such, a PESTEL analysis is going to be used to evaluate the external factors affecting the operations of Starbucks. Basically, PESTEL is an acronym for political, economic, social, technological, environmental as well as legal factors impacting on the operations of the organisation (McCarthy & Perreault, 1996). The table below outlines the analysis in detail. Table 1: PESTEL analysis for... This report seeks to analyse the external factors affecting the operations of the Starbuck’s organisation. Two models namely PESTEL analysis and Porter’s five forces model are going to be utilised in carrying an analysis of the external factors impacting on the operations of Starbucks. Critical success factors will also be analysed in this section of the report. A close analysis of Starbuck’s case study shows that there are various external forces obtaining in the macro-environment in which the organisation is operating and these have an impact on its operations. As such, a PESTEL analysis is going to be used to evaluate the external factors affecting the operations of Starbucks. Basically, PESTEL is an acronym for political, economic, social, technological, environmental as well as legal factors impacting on the operations of the organisation. In evaluating the strategic capabilities of the company, the following factors will be discussed in detail as they cons titute the internal environment of the company. Strydom posits to the effect that a key strategy should utilise the strengths of the organisation in order to gain a competitive advantage. These include human, physical and financial resources as they have a direct bearing on the performance of the company. The company’s value chain will also be discussed in this section. Since the period Howard Schultz assumed the CEO position of the company in 1987, it can be noted that it has harnessed on a number of strategic capabilities as going to be explained in brief below.

New Venure Creation Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Venure Creation Exam Questions - Assignment Example Adapting to change: it can be much more adaptable to adjustment than larger and more compound organizations. Because of this, SMEs questionably have a better opportunity of enduring difficult economic states and they are quicker at recovering from crises. In defeating the declines, these companies are able to exploit and encourage competition, which is vital for putting the present economic lethargy behind. Such adaptability in turn brings more equilibrium to the economic development of the UK and warrants that local communities partake in stimulating development (Blackburn, 2012). Partnership with larger businesses: Even though these two key benefits in the current climate, one of the main obstacles to achievement for SMEs is a weakness in linking and partnering with big businesses. A couple of years ago, small business proprietors felt deserted by the UK regime but this state is gradually changing. A support from firms like Fujitsu meant that small businesses would interchange skills and receive mentoring and management from more skilled players. Many of these firms begin as small, start-up initiatives - limited people with great ideas and the ambition to understand them, whose symbols are now internationally recognized. Small businesses comprises 99 per cent of all firms in the UK and can be actual initiators of economic development, creating job prospects for local communities and creating income. But in order to keep the force developed, the regime must support the joint efforts. (Blackburn, 2012) This has been associated with the Business angels increasing their funding to SME. Business angels are high net worth personnel that finance small developing businesses through a parity stake. They have been an important source of finance for SMEs for the last decades of years. This has been possible by such individuals giving funding to SME to facilitate their smooth running. The other

Analysis and Benefits of Smart Health Cards

Analysis and Benefits of Smart Health Cards Health Card Systems History: In 1993 Advantage Data Systems was founded to develop a smart card for the health care industry .The founding group consisted of health care professionals from private practices in Oklahoma city , Oklahoma U.S.A . These professionals had all experienced a need within their practice of medicine for a convenient method for patients to carry their health information. As practicing health care professionals, they were dealing with patients who could not remember their medical history or provide an accurate recollection of their medication or allergies on a daily basis. Providing patients with a tool to keep an accurate record of their medical history was the goal upon which Advantage Data Systems was founded. With this goal in mind several technologies were investigated in order to determine the one most applicable to the project. Although several technologies had positive attributes, a smart card for health care provide myriad of benefits. By using a smart card for the health care card, ADS could achieve its goal to provide a convenient and reliable method for patients to carry their medical history. System Definition: Its a patient identification card with high level of data and transmission security, large memory capacity, flexible programming options, and standardized interfaces. It contains all the health information about the patient. It helps to reduce fraud, streamline administration, improve communication, and enhance the quality of treatment. Our industry-specific, cost-effective processing, allows us the ability to focus on your unique requirements and to tailor our programs and services to meet your special criteria for processing. Take this opportunity to also understand why leading industry Associations, Organizations and Societies in the Healthcare, Personal care and Wellness markets have selected Health Card Systems for their own processing as well as endorsing and promoting Health Card for their membership. The flexibility of the HCS Patient Card also permits the storage of multiple access codes, allowing affiliated hospital sites and clinics with different computer systems to retrieve vital patient information from the same card. Worldwide, the costs of healthcare are exploding. The main reason is that advanced medicines and technology are boosting life expectancy. As people get older, the care they need becomes more frequent and more expensive. To be able to finance this positive effect of higher life expectancy, the existing healthcare systems must be made more efficient. One means is the introduction of card-enabled e-health networks. Why I need Smart Health Cards? There is much longer story why we dont already have Health Smart Cards in our pockets. It is not because of the technical reasons or cost of the system at all. It is more about politics, people resisting Smart Health cards fail to understand benefits such technology brings to the table. Smart cards would save countless lives if implemented. Consider this: Germany has population of about 80 million people. Until smart cards were implemented every year about 50-60 thousand people were dying because of medical errors, mostly wrong prescriptions. Sounds like awfully a lot of dead people and it really is! There were only about 5 to 6 thousands of deaths caused by traffic accidents in the same time, whole Germany. Now consider USA, population is 4 times bigger, if the smart health cards arent existing, you draw your own conclusions Comparing the situation at Palestine, there is occupation and Israels assassination of the Palestinians, so the hospitals could not diagnose the patients condition and to deal rapidly. So we need to use the health cards so as to treat patients rapidly as much as possible, to save the largest number of patients lives. Cards, by design, are protected against tampering; they cant be copied or counterfeited in any way. The smart health card has implemented in the whole Western Europe (Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Slovenia), Taiwan, and Puerto Rico, Canada, Israel, South Africa, Indiamore. †¢ Smart cards are small, they fit everybodys pocket †¢ Smart cards are very secure, cant be read, copied, manipulated, counterfeited or duplicated †¢ Smart card protect privacy where needed †¢ Smart cards are re-writable †¢ Smart card can contain digital log with location, date, time, persons stamp to record every transaction †¢ Smart card can contain digital prescriptions, no mistakes with handwriting, quantity or quality of medications †¢ Smart health card could be used anywhere, on the street by medical emergency crew to quickly learn about allergies and treatments, even if injured person is un-capable to interact with anybody †¢ Smart card can be set that certain profile of medical personnel can see only certain portion of card data †¢ Insurance, administrative and personal ID data are available †¢ Long sign ups at doctors offices can be avoided, just insert card into the smart card reader †¢ Only after doctor presents his own medical professional smart card, his card and patients card verify each other. After cross-verification transactions can take place †¢ Small and inexpensive balance reader can read emergency data any time, anywhere †¢ Smart health cards speed up medical administration, put it in right format (HIPAA), process claims faster and more precisely †¢ Smart cards save hundreds of millions in administration, insurance, public funding, government money †¢ Smart health card is actively fighting medical fraud and critical errors saving money and lives due to the availability of emergency data. Smart card supports both languages English and Arabic. Also it has a huge database in compare with current systems which are programmed on access. It is easy to Update, Privileged Access, Accurate and Quick Registration. Electronic signing of the data can ensure that there is no subsequent alteration to guarantee the integrity of the records. Smart health card Increase in productivity among staff due to less time dealing with paperwork, so patients dont have to wait for service. Who will benefit from Health Smart cards? Every person giving or receiving healthcare (patient). Ministry of Health. Insurance companies or Government insurance institutions. Medical institutions. Government overall when cards are massively applied. When massively applied, every person in the country since savings will be huge. Benefits to the Hospital Huge potential for revenue growth in terms of loyal patients and other sources. Tremendous reduction of Doctors diagnosis and analysis time. Saves huge sums on avoiding unnecessary and voluminous paperwork and other administrative overheads. The health information of all the customers will be available in the hospitals system. Can ensure that the patients buy the medicines from pharmacies approved by the hospital, as they would have the Smart Card Readers. Prolonged medical attention cases like pregnancy, dialysis etc. can be tracked and checked for individual patients. †¢ A technical advantage over their fellow competitors. Benefits to Physicians Availability of current medical data at all times. Ability to obtain critical healthcare information from an incapacitated or unconscious patient. Improved communication and information sharing among healthcare providers, Physicians, hospitals, laboratories and pharmacies. Reduced administrative workload. Enables accurate data collection for research purpose, facilitating the evolution from Curative medicine to preventive medicine. Benefits to Patients Ability to carry their virtual medical record with them at all times and releases it to which they choose. Enables improved healthcare thanks to better-informed providers. Enables faster treatments in emergency situations. Eliminates need to remember specific terms, medications, and treatment names. Eliminates unnecessary treatments, repeated producers and tests. Benefits for Insurance Provider Faulty Claims can be avoided. Better Customer service. Who are potential customers to engage? Medical health insurance companies. Ministry of Health. Ambulances. Hospitals. Individual doctors offices specially Dentists. Pharmacies. What is actually written into the patients cards? o Cards are used as a secure portable mini data bases with: Card information (serial numbers, issuers codes and data). Personal information (personal data like name and address. Insurance information (coverage and insurance details). Emergency data. Medical data (information about medical conditions and treatments). Chronic disease info (patients data about possible chronic diseases). Diagnosis. Medications prescribed. How system works? Main software resides at hospitals computers. Applicant takes blank smart card and creates new Health card. Card is written with initial control data and is given to the hospitals. Hospitals takes card by card and personalizes cards by entering personal ID data and health data, and the insurance company add insurance details like type of coverage, contact details. They print card if its not printed already. Now card is given to end user. Now anybody with a smart card can walk to any hospital/ clinics/ pharmacist/ Insurance companies where the information of patients can be read, write and updated. patients carry the card with them at all times, giving medical personnel immediate access to their concise medical history, current medications, allergies, the names and telephone numbers of family or friends, and other information necessary for medical treatment decisions. The patients can avoid delay in admission, giving same answer again and again, doing same tests again. Doctors can easily know the medical history of the patient, the diagnostic reports etc. Health Card System: Cardholder uses card every time when he or she comes to health care facility. There are no forms to fill. Parts of the card may be protected by PIN that is known only to card holder. Doctors read a card and write back short notes if needed. They are also able to write prescriptions to the card. Same kind of information can be written into the data base so new card could be created in case original one is lost or stolen. If there is a prescription involved patient comes to Pharmacy and they are able to read portion of the card with prescriptions and hand out proper prescription drugs to cardholder. Some Questions that face us as interpreters 1. Is there a clear business case? Including financial and consumer behavior factors? 2. What type of information do we want to store in the cards (data or value)? 3. How many cards will be needed? 4. What are the security requirements? 5. Who will have access to this information? 6. Who will be allowed to change this information? FAQ About Health Card System?! 1. What happens when a patient loses their card? Card backups assure that the smart card system offers the same level of convenience as any other. If cards are lost or stolen, they can quickly be replaced. (And if a card is stolen, the thief cant use it or read any sensitive information from it because it is password protected.).In addition if a patient forgets his card for any circumstance, the hospital can access the system through the patients full name or identification number assigned to it. 2. If data stored on the cards is also stored on line as a backup, why do you need smart cards at all? There is an enormous difference between relying on smart cards as the primary source for data, and relying on a remote on-line source. Since smart card backup information is only accessed when cards require replacement, very high security measures can be put in place without affecting the flow of information in the system. There are many other benefits that come from the fact that backups in a smart card system can be batch transmitted, minimizing system telecommunication costs. 3. How can you save time and money by using Health Card System?! Access to previous examination results allows a faster diagnosis. Moreover, duplication of examination and tests of sure can be avoided. 4. How can programmer protect the special medical information of patients? At the beginning it should be noted that the role of programmer is to design a system to make it easier for the user to diagnose and treat at the lowest cost, time, and therefore programmed after the completion of the program and guidance on how to use the relevant categories in turn, enter data for each patient .. In addition, the paper files are currently used may be exposed to damage or loss or theft while the information stored on this system is fully protected. 5. Some patients need to seek treatment abroad. How can he get all the medical information about his health which already save on the health card that none of software can read it except yours that doesnt find abroad?! If the patient needs to travel out for treatment. The file of health history will print to him and stamped from the hospital and the Ministry of Health. Business Plan HealthTech Administrative Plan   HealthTech PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND: In 2009, We Think about this Idea for our country, because of specializing in creating an ideal fit of the Patient Identification Card with the existing (Hospital Information System). Our innovative marketing programs increase patient satisfaction by providing simple solutions to admission questions. The HCS Patient Card System provides reduced admission time and increase accuracy while strengthening patient loyalty. The flexibility of the HCS Patient Card also allowing affiliated hospital sites and clinics with different computer systems to retrieve vital patient information from the same card.   HealthTech Ownership: The Owner of this project are The CEO Hamza Hindi he gets the Idea and starts to do it by get a Hand of 5 people who liked this idea and start to do the idea to the real life which are Mariam Nuaimi , Vivian Khair , Haytham Sbeih , Rasha Al-Sabbah , Marwa Qaraqe. Hamza Hindi Put Cash money to do the project by 20% and the five by 30% and the other 50% is a fund from a Foreign Company. So it is Shareable Resources and Profit by many sides, all of us works to let this company success .and it can be an ideal way to get the most out of the investment by purchasing only the shares or time you require from an asset. All other aspects are split, both the benefits and the costs, among a limited number of shareholders or members in our company. Hamza Hindi: He has done his BA from Bethlehem University then worked for a Bethlehem Chamber Industry Commerce. Hes an excellent web designer. He has strong Photoshop and flash skills Haytham Sbeih: He has done his BA from Bethlehem University. He has worked on different platform including Java. Vivian Khair: She has done her BA from Bethlehem University. Mariam Nuaimi: She has done her BA from Bethlehem University. Marwa Qaraqe: She has done her BA from Bethlehem University. Rasha Al-Sabbah: She has done her BA from Bethlehem University. There are three main part of business at this moment and these responsibilities will be distributed as follows— Sales Marketing, Purchase, Operation and PR: All these activities will be handled by Rasha Al-Sabbah, Mariam Nuaimi, Marwa Qaraqe. Software development, testing, documentation and installation: These activities will be handled by Haytham Sbeih, Vivian Khair. Hardware, Integration and full service installation: These activities will be performed by Hamza Hindi.   HealthTech Vision : HealthTech will be a leader in health care quality and safety, recognized by all as the best place in the region to receive careand work.   HealthTech Mission : HealthTech will be a national leader in health care, exists to provide quality health services to all those in need.   HealthTech Values : HealthTech Health System realizes and is committed to the mission and vision through: Integrity: We are honest, open in our communications, and consistent in doing what we say we will do. Compassion: We provide a caring response to the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of all. Safety: We practice safety behaviors and error prevention techniques to ensure the safety of our patients, visitors and co-workers. Accountability: We accept individual and collective responsibility for everything we do. Respect: We recognize the dignity and worth of the individual, acknowledging the diversity of needs, experiences and talents of each person. Excellence: We strive to achieve the best in everything we do.   HealthTech Organization chart:   HealthTech Schedule of tasks and responsibilities: In our Company we have A CEO manager which will Perform Jobs and Duties for all other Managers and Staff, every Manager work on a plan which will be overview by the CEO, the other managers also watches the Staff and their work. HealthTech Schedule of remuneration:   CEO: Monthly Salary: 2500$ yearly Salary: 30000$ Works Five Days in a Week, about 6 hours in a day from 9-3.   Any under title of Manager: Monthly Salary: 2000$ yearly Salary: 24000$ Works Five Days in a Week, about 8 hours in a day from 8-4.   Staff : Monthly Salary: 1000$ yearly Salary: 12000$ Works Five Days in a Week, about 8 hours in a day from 8-4.   Cleaners And Service sector : Monthly Salary: 263$ yearly Salary: 3156$ Works Five Days in a Week, about 8.5 hours in a day from 7.5 4. Marketing Plan â€Å"Depends on 4Ps† PRODUCT   What is the Product? Its a patient identification card with high level of data and transmission security, large memory capacity, flexible programming options, and standardized interfaces. It contains all the historical medical health information about the patient, such as: blood group, diseases, medicines and all allergic cases that must be noticeableEtc. Cards, by design, are protected against tampering; they cant be copied or counterfeited in any way. Smart cards are small; they fit everybodys pocket so the patient can move without fatigue or discomfort.   What is the name of the Product? Heath Card System.   Is the Product seasonal? No. Because it is used over time.   Does the consumer remember the name of the Product? Yes, he remembers it. The name of the product is easy and related to its use.   The life cycle of the Product? The life cycle of the product is related to the patient life. So, when the person died his card is discarded.   Is it possible to add new elements to the product? Yes, we can update the software as the new needs of customer which may face us such as: Adding new fields to the system, improve the interface of the system and the card, online service provider.   What is the extent of customer satisfaction to the product? By the result of the questionnaire which contains 100 samples. We found that 92% of the Palestinian nation is accepted the idea and they are ready to support and use this product.   Is the target group is sensitive to quality? Yes of course the group is sensitive to quality. PRICE: What is the strategy that you want to follow in order to set price? Since we are trying to provide common product for all the customers we will have similar price for every target customers. But not all the target customers welcome our idea with the same excitement; in that case we will go for making facilities for our customers. We have basically three offers- Software, Readers and Cards. The software will be sold and installed at 3 price levels, for hospitals at $20,000, pharmacies at 2,000, medical centres and insurance companies at $5,000. The reader will be sold at 32.5% margin which will come around $33. The card will be sold at $1.5. Moreover, we must notice the breakeven point in order to determine our profit.   What are the considerations that need to be considered when pricing? In order to set the price we have to take in consideration: 1) Cost: The Pricing structure must cover all costs and provide an acceptable profit margin. 1. Research and Development department costs. 2. System Analysis costs. 3. System Design costs. 4. Programming hardware and software costs. 5. Machines needed such as: card readers, smart cards and Computers costs. 6. Wages costs. 2) Competitor prices: Its important to consider the competitor price. However, theres no direct competition so we are free to set our price. 3) Image: In order to make our customers perceive our product as a high quality items are best to be set. 4) Channels of distributions: There is no need to consider it because our distribution model will be of direct selling. v What are the prices of competition goods? There are no direct competition goods. We have indirect competitor which is any company that use smart card and readers. Most of these players are for other businesses like software development, campus, hotels, ATM machines, reader and they are interested in bigger projects. Names of indirect competitors: Palestine Elevators Company. Israeli Companies Al-Quds elevators Company. v What are the strengths and weaknesses of competitors? Most are the competitors who are in the market are well established player in the market in the related businesses. They have good relationships with the existing suppliers but they are not concentrated in Smart Card business only, especially Health Smart Card is hardly a good idea for them. They chase the big projects only. We will have solution for small players at very small cost. We will make money in readers and smart cards. Simultaneously we will focus big hospitals for their turnkey project. So far not a single player who is in Health Card provide these information on net, we will differentiate there and will provide full information on the network which will be accessible by log in. This is the right time to enter into Health Care Smart Card where one side standard of living is increasing on the other hand people are becoming more aware of the health. v Who is your target group? The target customers include patients who need to go to hospitals, diagnostic centres, Clinics, Pharmacy, Insurance companies. So, our target could be the end users (patients) which is 2448433 person or the organizations and companies such as hospitals which are 52, Medical centres which are 537, Pharmacies which are 910, Insurance companies which are 8 in west bank. We will begin in the big cities like Ramallah, AlKhalil and Nablus and then continue to the rest. v What is the income level of the target group? According to the result of our questionnaire the income level of the target group (end users) is between 1000-3000 Nis. v What are the costs to produce the Product? $3804280 which is the Cost of research, programming, machines and cards, implementation, testing and maintenance. v Is the Product essential or a luxury good? It is essential because by using this system we can save life, time and money. v Is the target group is sensitive to price? No, it isnt. v To what extent the price reflects the quality of the product? High quality product means higher price to be set. PROMOTION v What is promotion? Promotion involves disseminating information about a product, product line, brand, or company. v What is the purpose of the promotion process? To persuade the target markets to use this system which enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health .To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. v What is the policy that we want to follow? 1. We will have a website which will have all the information of our products and services. Later on, we will strengthen our websites by storing patients information online. In our websites we will also provide general information about the health care facilities in Palestine, about different diseases, different health care professional, about diagnostic centres chemists. 2. Moreover, We will directly go to the customers and present our product and services by Work shop. 3. We will leave brochures and leaflets to the hospitals, pathology labs chemists. 4. In addition to, we will use posters at different cities. 5. By Media: newspaper, medical magazines, Jawwal sms, T.V., Radio and Facebook we can spread our idea and promote to the product. 6. Also, We will take help of Specialist who are already working in different companies to advertise our product and services 7. More than everything we will focus on mouth publicity by providing excellent product and services at affordable prices. v What is the budget established for the promotion? About $114054 for the first year, $29000 for the second year and $10416 for the third year. v How to distribute those elements of the budget on promotion? By printing brochures, hosting server for a website, posters, newspaper, medical magazines, Jawwal sms, T.V. and Facebook etc. v What a way of promotion is the most appropriate for the target group? By meeting teams of hospitals in order to persuade them and showing them how the system will benefit them. Moreover, we can reach to the end users by posters and Jawwal sms. v What is the time plan for the promotion? 9 months Place: We will target all west bank, we will begin in the big cities like Ramallah, AlKhalil and Nablus, after that we will penetrate the other cities. And because we will be targeting all hospitals and health centers, it would be easy for people to access to hospital nearby and get the product. For long term goals we want to be the sole Health Card provider in the country and to penetrate other health sectors. How will the product/service be distributed? Which partners will be needed in the distribution channel? Our distribution model will be of direct selling. The selling person from the company will be directly going to the customers and presenting our product and services. We will provide them after sale services. After serving a reasonable market in a city we will have branches in different part of the city so that customers can easily avail our services. Analysis of SWOT 1) Strength: The strength of Health Card System entering into the Palestinian market at this time is a good one for it, since there is absolutely no competition in Palestine at the time. So, HCS is the first system which enters into this market; we will have established much strength that allows us to remain ahead of the competition. So, we will be as monopolist. Our brand name will stuck in customers mind as a good image. Moreover, this system is designed by our company so we dont buy it from foreign programmers. In addition, our system supports both languages English and Arabic. Also, the security pattern is so strong so no one can hack our system. 2) Weakness: First of all Governments ability may not support our system because of its high expenses and costs. In addition our system isnt international one; so if the patient needs to travel abroad he will take his medical file as papers. 3) Opportunity: First of all we can spread our product in order to penetrate all the cities of Palestine. We have a good chance by target the Arab World. We also have the opportunity to develop brand loyalty by offering smart cards that really will save human being life, time and money. In addition, we can improve this system so as to be credit/debit system. 4) Threats: The threat that might face us is the new entrants to the market that threaten to erode the market share. So the competition will increase. May be that other systems will be more available so the customers have a wider variety of choices. Identity theft is also could be a threat that faces us and the consumers. Production Plan: 1- Production Process: Health system production occurs at three levels which are: primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary level finishes after having all the materials which are important in order to start applying our programs such as: computers, certain software, smart cards, and smart card readers. Secondary production includes the production of programmable software of the health card system. The final step is how to make the card readers are ready to be used by hospitals (program the hardware). 2- Fixed Assets: Building à   Monthly rent: $500 Machinery, other equipment, tools 3 computers: $2280 1 laptop: $1185 1 Scanner: $80 1 Printer: $130 Total: $3765 Furnishings (including for office and warehouse):$ 3947 Motor vehicles (Car):$10000 Lifetime of the fixed assets is range between 5-10 years. Payment Conditions: The payment condition is cash. 3- Suppliers: The raw material suppliers will be determined via internet and we will contact them over there. Actually, we will import the raw material â€Å"Card-Readers the smart cards† from China so there will be shipping cost and delivery time which we must take into consideration. The cost of the card-Reader is $24.95 and we decide to sell it in $33 so as to gain 32.5% profit in one reader. On the other hand, the cost of card is $0.70 and well sell it in $1.5. 4- Licenses and Permits Required: Licensing requirements Permits: We need license from the Ministry of Health in order to apply our system nationally. In addition, we need permits of Chamber of Commerce to start our job and having certificated employment contract, and from municipality as to have work permits. Workplace or environmental regulations: We also need a lease in order have the office and start working Insurance coverage: Indicate that we have insurance on the shipping raw material, our office and our health (with NIC national insurance company). 5- Labor Costs: Our workforce costs is $150000, insurance costs is $5760. 6- Location Facilities: The location of our office is convenient to our customers; it is located at the center of Bethlehem at AL-Mahed Street where the parking is available. According to our office it will be pro

Size Exclusion Chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) is the separation technique based on the molecular size of the components. Size exclusion chromatography is a kind of method to separate different size of molecules that put in solution. It was first discovered by two scientists who named Grant Henry Lathe and Colin R Ruthven. Both of them received the John Scott Award for this fabulous invention. There are various applications for Size exclusion chromatography such as biochemical aspect and polymer synthesis.For application in biochemical aspect, this technique can find out the quaternary structure of purified proteins which possess slow exchange times, since it can be carried out under native solution conditions and preserve macromolecular interactions. The reason why we use this technique for purification is Size exclusion chromatography is a low resolution chromatography method as it does not identify similar species very well. It can also test the tertiary structu re of protein as it measures the hydrodynamic volume, allowing folded and unfolded versions of the same protein to be distinguished.Besides using in biochemical research, it is able to find the distribution of the sizes of polymer molecules like if a solvent is chose and run, we can create a calibration curve to determine the sizes of polymer molecules in it. It is better to introduce the mobile phase and stationary phase first. Stationary phase is the solid absorbent or the pore(SEC) with solid support that allow sample across through it while the mobile phase is the sample percolate through or along to the stationary phase.In SEC, separation is achieved by the differential exclusion from the pores of the packing material, of the sample molecules(mobile phase) as they pass through a bed of porous particles(stationary phase). For the principle of the SEC, molecules of different sizes can be separated by this technique because of differential time spent inside a solid phase particle which excludes entrance of relatively larger molecules, allows some entrance of medium-sized molecules, and allows free accessibility of the smallest molecules.The particles contain pores with tunnels(stationary phase) in which the size can be controlled depending on the size of molecules(mobile phase) to be separated. Smaller molecules experience a more complex pathway to exit the particle than do larger molecules. Because molecules that have a large size compared to the pore size of the stationary phase have very little entrance into the pores, these larger sized molecules elute first from the column. Medium sized molecules are relatively large compared to the pore size of the solid phase and therefore may find some pores in which they enter and spend some time.Smaller-sized molecules have more pores that are accessible to them and therefore spend more time inside the pores relative to larger-sized molecules. Therefore, smaller molecules elute last and larger molecules elute first in SEC. â€Å"Elute† is mean that the carrier of the mobile phase or the mobile phase from chromatographic bed emerge. For the pore size, which is the important part of stationary phase in SEC, solid phase materials used in SEC are usually classified based on their ability to separate different sizes of proteins.Since size is a difficult item to accurately measure for a large molecule, the solid phase materials are identified with a molecular weight range instead and the weight is equated with size. All compounds with a molecular weight less than or equal to the lower number in the range will see the entire internal volume of the beads resulting in no selection and therefore no separation. All compounds with a molecular weight greater than or equal to the higher number in the range are completely excluded from the inside of a bead and therefore no separation is achieved.Molecules with weights or sizes between these two extremes of the range can be separated. This is the nume rical pore size range reported for each solid phase material used in SEC. The pore size used for a separation is dependent on the size range of the particular set of molecules to be separated. Smaller pore sizes are used for rapid desalting of proteins or for protein purification. Intermediate pore sizes are used to separate relatively small proteins. Very large pore sizes are used for purification of biological complexes.For the factor that affect the SEC, first, the particles in solution do not have a fixed size, resulting in the probability that a particle that would otherwise be hampered by a pore passing right by it. Second, the stationary-phase particles are not ideally defined, both particles and pores may vary in size. . The stationary phase may also interact in undesirable ways with a particle and influence retention times, though great care is taken by column manufacturers to use stationary phases that are inert and minimize this issue.Third, increasing the column length w ill enhance the resolution, and increasing the column diameter increases the capacity of the column. Proper column packing is important to maximize resolution: An over-packed column can collapse the pores in the beads, resulting in a loss of resolution. An under-packed column can reduce the relative surface area of the stationary phase accessible to smaller species, resulting in those species spending less time trapped in pores.Unlike affinity chromatography techniques, a solvent head at the top of the column can drastically diminish resolution as the sample diffuses prior to loading, broadening the downstream elution. The advantages of this method include good separation of large molecules from the small molecules with a minimal volume of eluate, and that various solutions can be applied without interfering with the filtration process, all while preserving the biological activity of the particles to be separated.Second, the technique is generally combined with others that further s eparate molecules by other characteristics, such as acidity, basicity, charge, and affinity for certain compounds. Third, with size exclusion chromatography, there are short and well-defined separation times and narrow bands, which lead to good sensitivity. The SEC is separated rapidly. Then, there is also no sample loss because solutes do not interact with the stationary phase. The stationary phase doesn't have any absorbent that nteract with the sample and carry out the reaction with the sample. For the disadvantage of the this method , first is the molecular mass that we need to know. The SEC separation is base on the molecular size/ weight, like the gel electrophoresis. It is required to know that there are the range for different of the molecular size. If the difference of the molecular size in the mobile phase, it is not recommended to use this separation. So, before using the SEC, the molecular size of each sample in mobile phase are required to identify.In addition, the acco mmodated of SEC is limited. The mobile phase can not be too big. The time scale of the chromatogram is short, and, in general, there has to be a 10% difference in molecular mass to have a good resolution Also, the pore size need to be determined, too small size or too big size will lead to the failure of the separation SEC. In the world, the chromatography is the separation of the sample base on the polar, size, acidity, basicity, charge, and affinity for certain compounds†¦Size Exclusion Chromatography is the one of the chromatography that base on the size of the sample, which is similar to the principle of gel electrophoresis. One different point is the stationary phase, which is the column with the pores of the particles. Reference: (http://www. separations. us. tosohbioscience. com/ServiceSupport/TechSupport/ResourceCenter/PrinciplesofChromatography/SizeExclusion/) (http://www. asdlib. org/separations_pdfs/Size_Exclusion_Chromatography_Separations_Module-finalversion. pdf) (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Size-exclusion_chromatography),goldbook

Challenging Behaviour Essay

In this assignment my aim is to choose 3 ideas from chapters 1-3 of the textbook ‘Understanding Management’ (Cameron and Bridge, 2012), discuss why these ideas are important and finally describe how I have started to use them in everyday life this includes aspects of my work, leisure and home life. My 3 chosen ideas are SMART objectives, time management skills, and stress management. My first topic is the ‘SMART objectives’. ‘SMART’ is an acronym so each of the 5 letters have a specific meaning. Sometimes in the workplace it is easy to try and impose targets that seem out of reach. If targets are not clear it can sometimes be hard to measure whether a target has been met. In order to make it easier to manage the workforce’s performance clear and concise objectives must be set out. By using the SMART checklist employers can ensure that they have set relevant objectives. The letters ‘SMART’ stand for; ‘S’ – Specific – an employee/team member needs to be clear on his/her goal. ‘M’ – Measureable – means of measuring = means of control. ‘A’ – Achievable – the goal needs to be in reach otherwise a team will not try very hard. ‘R’ – Relevant – the objectives need to add up to the overall goal of which the manager is responsible. ‘T’ – Time defined. – In order to check progress time needs to be specified. (Cameron and Bridge, 2012) I have started to use this checklist in my work especially, as it gives a clear view on day to day goals. As a self-employed construction worker I need to be ‘Specific’ of what needs doing on a particular task. For example, before starting a job I need to specify the height, width of a wall with the client before work commences. Without these preferences the work that I carried out would be pointless as the client would most likely be disappointed. ‘Measure’ the overall progress of a task to be more efficient next time. For example, note down in a ‘works diary’ how long a particular job has taken to finish and use it as a bench mark for next time. Without a way of measuring progress a team would be insufficient. Liaise with my workforce and set ‘Achievable’ goals for the day’s work. Set targets that are in reach so as not to dishearten them. A disheartened workforce would shortfall the progression. ‘Relevance’ of the tools needed to carry out the work. At the end of each working day I like to plan ahead and make sure that I have all the relevant tools ready for the next day. Without these the work cannot be carried out therefore delaying our commitments with the client and generally causing stress and turmoil within the workforce. ‘Time defined’, the time I have to complete a job as I am often working to a tight schedule. For example some customers need certain work carried out/finished by a certain time due to their commitments. For example, recently a client wanted his garden feature completed in time before he was admitted to hospital for an operation. Time was of importance due to the clients commitments. My second idea is ‘Time management’ (Cameron and Bridge 2012). Time management is when you make a conscious decision on how to manage your time efficiently to ensure that you are able to complete each task you undergo with maximum effectiveness and efficiency. One way of improving your time management is to implement the ‘3 Es’ when you’re planning a task or an activity. The ‘3 Es’ have definitely been used in my own leisure/ hobby of taking on a course. The first ‘E’ (economy) has helped me in my essay work of firstly writing a plan. This has evidently helped in the time it will take in the actual essay writing because I have a guide. ‘Efficiently’ – I have kept my course work on a ‘PDF’ on my computer for me to access them more efficiently, this will save time when I need to access them quickly. I will use ‘Effectiveness’ to use my time wisely, for example not to start an essay 12a.m when my concentration is at its lowest. Stress Management (Cameron and Bridge, 2012) is my last idea. Stress can come from a number of different places. Stress is what occurs when someone is under a lot of pressure and their health is affected due to not being able to cope with certain pressures. Life is never simple therefore we will all feel a certain amount of stress at times this is normal however if there is a lot of stress for a prolonged amount of time this is when problems may arise. Prolonged stress can affect how well you are able to concentrate; it may impair your judgement and could also affect the standards of work. One of the first and simplest ways to manage your stress is to be aware of it. In the text ‘Understanding Management’ (Cameron and Bridges, 2012) there is a checklist that allows you to assess your own stress levels. This made me aware of certain things that may have been causing me undue stress in the workplace. After assessing my situation and considering what could be done to help relieve this I have started to do a few things differently when I am at work. A number of these things involve good planning. A day/workforce that has a plan will have no problems which will feedback no stress on the boss/manager (me). My last thoughts are on the importance of what I have learned from ‘Understanding Management’ (Cameron and Bridge, 2012). I feel that using the above strategies has evolved my way of thinking for the better in my work, leisure and home life therefore producing a more effective and professional approach to management. ********************************** Word count – 973 Reference list Cameron S. and Bridge K. (2012) Understanding Management, Milton Keynes, the Open University. TMA01 Task 2 On experiencing essay writing for the first time since secondary school, I felt the task a bit stressful and daunting. The most enjoyable and easiest task was reading chapters 1-3 ‘Understanding management’ in assignment booklet and note taking. I enjoyed it in school and enjoyed it now. The most difficult task was remembering to reference and where to reference. I often wondered if I was doing it enough or too much. This was down to no practice and lost touch with academic life. Another problem area was conclusion writing. 2. In the future I could research more on conclusion writing and reference writing to make this area a little easier. Also question my tutor. Word Count – 115

3 Sentences with Dangling Modifiers

3 Sentences with Dangling Modifiers 3 Sentences with Dangling Modifiers 3 Sentences with Dangling Modifiers By Mark Nichol Coming from my inexhaustible supply of dangling modifiers, you will find this post a helpful exercise in how to spot this type of error. That lead sentence, of course, contains a dangling modifier, a phrase providing additional information about a sentence’s subject that does not associate directly with the subject. In this case, because the subject is you, the implication is that you, dear reader, rather than the contents of this post, are coming from the stated source. The sentence is better presented as follows: â€Å"You will find this post, coming from my inexhaustible supply of dangling modifiers, a helpful exercise in how to spot this type of error.† Here are a few sentences with the same class of mistake, followed by my suggested solutions: 1. â€Å"As the only one with a Muslim-sounding name in class, people turned to her on questions about Islam. This sentence refers to â€Å"people† representing a heretofore unmentioned individual’s classmates rather than that person, as â€Å"the only one with a Muslim-sounding name in class,† so the initial modifying phrase should be revised to clearly identify the person consulted as described: â€Å"Because she was the only person in the class with a Muslim-sounding name, people turned to her on questions about Islam. (Also, the statement contains not only a dangling modifier but also a misplaced modifier two distinct phenomena: The positioning of â€Å"in class† is not incorrect, but the phrase is best relocated earlier in the sentence, as I have done in my revision.) However, the person could also be explicitly introduced as the subject of the sentence: â€Å"As the only person in class with a Muslim-sounding name, she was the one people turned to on questions about Islam.† 2. â€Å"After leaving Chez Fez, this chef’s culinary talents have reached the highest level at his new restaurant.† The implication in this sentence, as constructed, is that the chef’s culinary talents somehow detached themselves from his being and found their zenith elsewhere. To reflect the writer’s true meaning, the modifier could be revised to refer to the actual subject (with an additional replacement of after with since): â€Å"Since this chef left Chez Fez, his culinary talents have reached the highest level at his new restaurant.† Alternatively, the subject of the sentence must be unequivocally altered to refer to the chef himself, not his talents, which did leave his previous place of employment but did so as part of him: â€Å"Since leaving Chez Fez, this chef has found that his culinary talents have reached the highest level at his new restaurant.† 3. â€Å"As the foundation of Western civilization, learning about ancient Greece provides students a solid grounding in many of the philosophies that shape modern life and thought in the Western world.† It is not learning about ancient Greece but ancient Greece itself that should be posited as the foundation of Western civilization. Begin the sentence with the reference to ancient Greece: â€Å"Ancient Greece is the foundation of Western civilization, and learning about it provides students a solid grounding in many of the philosophies that shape modern life and thought in the Western world.† Another option is to begin with the participial phrase â€Å"Learning about ancient Greece† and making the phrase â€Å"as the foundation of Western civilization† an interspersed parenthetical: â€Å"Learning about ancient Greece, the foundation of Western civilization, provides students a solid grounding in many of the philosophies that shape modern life and thought in the Western world.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Social vs. Societal7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing